Weekly Business Review #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Justice Process for a Felony Criminal Charge

Presentation An offense that is deserving of death or detainment for over one year is known as a lawful offense (Johnson, 2008). A lawful offense is considered by law as perhaps the severest wrongdoing in the criminal equity framework (Johnson, 2008). This paper is proposed to elucidate the whole equity process for a lawful offense criminal accusation recorded in a state court. In such manner, the New York court framework will be utilized as an illustration.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Justice Process for a Felony Criminal Charge explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is imperative to take note of that a lawful offense criminal case doesn't need to experience every one of these procedures since it can end before it arrives at the preliminary stage. The postulation of this paper is that the way toward taking care of lawful offense criminal cases in a state court is effective as to guarantee equity for both the denounced and the com plainant. The Criminal Justice Process for a Felony Criminal Charge in a State Court Initiation of charges by a complainant This is the main procedure in managing a lawful offense wrongdoing in a state court. This stage comprises of a capture of a suspect, objection and booking of a crime case; it likewise includes directing examinations. A lawful offense criminal case regularly begins with a capture of a suspect by a cop. Critical to note is the way that an individual blamed for having perpetrated a lawful offense wrongdoing might be captured, yet not really held in detainment (Johnson, 2008). On the other hand, the individual might be given with an appearance ticket or a Desk Appearance Ticket on account of New York State courts (Johnson, 2008). After the issuance of the ticket, the blamed can be discharged from confinement. Strikingly, an individual gave with an appearance ticket might be liberated without bail. Following an examination, a criminal case may begin with the recordi ng of a lawful offense criminal offense charge. Else, it might start with data gave by an examiner or cop (Cohen, 2006). In different cases, this comes after a prosecution by a fabulous jury (Gibeaut, 2001). After a capture is made, litigants are frequently reserved at a nearby police headquarters or other pertinent detainment offices. During this procedure, fingerprints and photos of the respondent are taken; these are significant in deciding any earlier crime of the litigant (Cole Smith, 2006). Here the respondent is ensured the option to fair treatment of law under the Fifth and Fourth Amendments, and the privilege to legitimate direction. Arraignment of the Defendant in Court This is the subsequent advance in managing a lawful offense criminal case in a state court. The arraignment should consistently be done inside 24 hours of capture, aside from when the period finishes on an end of the week or an occasion (Acker Brody, 2011). During the arraignment, the litigant is educated a bout the charges recorded against that person, told of their entitlement to the administrations of an insight and educated, inside 144 hours of their capture, of the rights to an underlying hearing (Acker Brody, 2011).Advertising Looking for explore paper on criminal law? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important that a lawful offense criminal case may either be excused at this stage, the respondent may confess and get a quick condemning or the adjudicator may defer the case. There may likewise be a request bartering in this stage. Supplication haggling is a procedure through which an examiner and the barrier counsel haggle to get rid of a lawful offense criminal case. This regularly occurs by lessening the charges and includes condemning (Acker Brody, 2011). Procedures subsequent to Arraigning a Defendant in Court After a defendant’s arraignment in court, an adjudicator may set a state of bail. On the off chance that the litigant can't bear the cost of the bail sum, the individual in question should remain in authority for 144 hours from the hour of capture (Pollock, 2011). The arraignment must get a prosecution of the respondent by the amazing jury or in any case direct an underlying hearing (Pollock, 2011). In the event that both of the two stages isn't taken, at that point the litigant must be sans set unequivocally; the examiner can in any case impel an appropriate reason for special case to the constrained time and subsequently look for broadened confinement of the respondent (Pollock, 2011). During the starter hearing, both the guard advice and indictment present their contentions. The underlying hearings are ordinarily led to decide whether there is adequate proof for the case to continue to a full preliminary (Bank, 2002). The indictment may get observers to affirm after swearing to tell the truth, in which case the guard direction may likewise interview the observers and question t he uprightness of their proof. Moreover, the litigant can forgo the privilege to an underlying hearing. Should this be the situation, at that point the lawful offense case will be passed legitimately to the fantastic jury (Gaines Miller, 2012). The excellent jury comprises of somewhere in the range of 16 and 23 residents chose based on a region to decide if sufficient proof exists to arraign the litigant on charges of lawful offense violations (Howley, 2003). An arraignment might be documented to contain lawful offense accusations, if at any rate twelve thousand legal hearers find that there is adequate proof to take the case to trial.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Justice Process for a Felony Criminal Charge explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alternatively, the excellent attendants may see the proof as lacking and consequently lessen the charges to a wrongdoing; for this situation, the great jury may guide the investigator to rec ord a wrongdoing body of evidence against the respondent in a neighborhood criminal court (Howley, 2003). In situations where they find that there is no enough proof, the court must discharge the respondent (Howley, 2003). Now, the body of evidence against the respondent breakdown and no further move can be made. Should the respondent be prosecuted, at that point a post-prosecution arraignment happens. During the post-prosecution arraignment, the litigant is typically informed about the charges in their arraignment; the individual in question may enter a supplication of liable or not blameworthy. Additionally, the appointed authority may likewise audit the condition for bail while permitting the litigant to pick whether to enter request dealing. In the event that the litigant enters a not blameworthy request, the appointed authority dismisses the case and sets a future date of the consultation procedures (Hails, 2011). Pretrial Proceedings and Hearings In this stage, there are two t hings that are done: disclosure and pre-preliminary movements. Revelation is the procedure wherein either the protection counsel or the investigator gathers data with respect to the contradicting lawyer’s case. For this situation, the safeguard insight can request any reported record or oral proclamation made by a litigant during examinations concerning a lawful offense wrongdoing. Further, the guard insight can likewise demand for defendant’s declaration got during the fabulous jury meetings, results of any psychological and physical assessment of the litigant and any scientific test done on the respondent (Levinson, 2002). Hearing might be held to set up whether a movement ought to be conceded. This ought to be done inside 45 days following an arraignment; be that as it may, the adjudicator can broaden this period dependent on a decent purpose. A legal hearing official presents a report to the managing judge over the cases that have genuine discoveries and legitimate purposes with respect to the movement. The appointed authority utilizes this data to cause a decision and the person to can choose to either acknowledge or dismiss them (Levinson, 2002). Preliminary and Post-preliminary Hearings and Motions If the litigant doesn't take the supplication of blameworthy in any progressive stage, a preliminary is led following pre-preliminary movements and hearings. During a preliminary, either a jury or an adjudicator sets up whether the arraignment has demonstrated past sensible uncertainty that the respondent is really liable of the lawful offense accusations against the person in question. Note that a litigant accused of a lawful offense wrongdoing has a privilege to a preliminary by a jury; in any case, the respondent may in any case postpone their entitlement to such a preliminary (Acker Brody, 2011).Advertising Searching for look into paper on criminal law? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More After the introduction of proof by an examiner and rejoinders by a safeguard counsel, both the protection and the arraignment convey shutting summations. The appointed authority at that point furnishes headings to the jury concerning the particular laws to apply, and how to go about it; in any case, the adjudicator may choose to straightforwardly charge the litigant. From that point, a consistent vote by the jury brings about a favored decision. There is additionally a chance of fractional decision (Acker Brody, 2011). Condemning Many variables decide the sentence given to a respondent. These incorporate the earnestness of the crime accusations, the past feelings of the litigant and the conditions of the lawful offense. The assortments of condemning a sentenced litigant may get incorporate a contingent release, detainment, a fine, compensation, probation and restrictive release (Gardner Anderson, 2009). Claim After condemning, the litigant has a privilege to an intrigue. It is critic al to take note of that the respondent may have postponed their entitlement to specific interests during the preliminary. All things being equal, the litigant has the privilege to, in any event, bid a few issues to the re-appraising court. The notification of request must be recorded inside 30 days following a sentence. The admonition is that a lawyer isn't generally under a commitment to petition for an intrigue; it is the litigant to ask for it (Gardner Anderson, 2009). There are two justification for claim. An intrigue might be made if the sentence is, as an issue of law, invalid. For example, the respondent may get a more extended sentence than required based on earlier conviction when, in real sense, there probably won't have been any earlier conviction. In addition, the defenda

Advanced management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Propelled the board bookkeeping - Essay Example The procedure of benchmarking includes the quest for the prescribed procedures and afterward contrasting the presentation and that followed in the association and deciding the future execution. The three hidden standards of the procedure are quality, consumer loyalty and improvement in real life. (Kozak, 2004, p.5) The use of the procedure of Benchmarking is done to improve the general profitability of the business. Through the procedure of Benchmarking it empowers the association to feature their individual quality and shortcoming. The inward information about a business is basic to realize changes in execution level and through benchmarking the goal is accomplished. As the procedure of Benchmarking includes a finding of the prescribed procedures utilized by association, it additionally empowers a general investigation of the contenders. Consequently the procedure of benchmarking empowers associations to remain in front of the rivals in a similar line of business (Moore, 2008, p.181 ). Four sorts of benchmarking are commonly being used by the associations. They are named as inside benchmarking, outside benchmarking, serious benchmarking and division benchmarking. The extensions and destinations of the various heads of benchmarking are distinctive in their temperament. (Wober, 2002, p.3) Intel has been worldwide pioneers in the creators of PC chipsets longer than 10 years. The business plans to improve the exhibition of the new age of chipset in each arrival of their refreshed item. The ubiquity of Intel has been tremendous to the point that it has nearly settled an imposing business model in the market of PC chipset makers. The organization utilizes the procedure of benchmarking as one of the devices to improve the general execution of the association. Intel utilizes the assistance of PC stage execution seat stamping process that helps in investigating and estimating the presentation of the PC’s work by them. The examining of the presentation of their item pushed them in Customer fulfillment to a huge degree. The

Pandukabhaya (437 Bc †367 Bc)

Pandukabhaya (437 BC †367 BC) was King of Upatissa Nuwara and the primary ruler of the Anuradhapura Kingdom and sixth over the entirety of the island of Sri Lanka since the appearance of the Vijaya, he ruled from 437 BC to 367 BC. As indicated by numerous history specialists and scholars, he is the main genuinely Sri Lankan ruler since the Vijayan attack, and furthermore the lord who finished the contention between the Sinha faction and nearby network, revamping the masses. His story is one enveloped by fantasy and legend. There are three winning conclusions on his origin.In the Mahavansa, his mom is Umaddha Citta and father is Digha Gamini, both of Aryan root Kumarathunga Munidasa's feeling is that his dad is Chittharaja. He has no connection to the Aryan tradition. He is a nearby saint. [edit]The second ruler The second leader of Sri Lanka was King Panduvasudeva, the nephew of Vijaya. Panduvasudeva wedded Baddha-Kacchayana, an incredibly lovely princess from India. The couple had ten children, the oldest of whom was named Abhaya, and one girl named Chitra.When a sage forecasted that Chitra would bear a child who might slaughter nine of his uncles and guarantee the royal position, nine of Chitra’s siblings advised King Panduvasudeva to have her murdered. Be that as it may, Abhaya would not permit it and Chitra was saved. She wedded a ruler named Digha-Gamini (who, by chance, was her cousin) and had a child, who was named Pandukabhaya. [edit]The trade of children Chitra and Digha-Gamini had been made mindful of the prediction at the hour of their marriage and had vowed to execute any child that Chitra conceived an offspring to.However, once Pandukabhaya was conceived, Chitra was reluctant to kill the newborn child, thus she chose to trade babies with another lady who had brought forth an infant young lady that equivalent day. Chitra reported to her dad and spouse that she had brought forth a young lady. Just her mom, Baddha-Kacchayana, knew about th e mystery trade. The lady who surrendered her girl took Prince Pandukabhaya to a close by town called Dvaramandalaka where he would be raised as a herdsman’s child. [edit]The endeavors on Pandukabhaya’s lifeThe first danger to Pandukabhaya’s life came while he was being moved to Dvaramandalaka. The lady who had traded newborn children with Chitra conveyed Prince Pandukabhaya to the town in a secured bushel. Shockingly, she ran into nine of Chitra’s siblings (the ones who had needed their sister to be killed for dread that her youngster would execute them). They asked her what she had in the bushel and she answered that it contained food. Not happy with the appropriate response, they requested that her open up the bushel and give them its contents.Luckily, two wild pigs happened to run past them, and they overlooked the crate in their energy to chase the creatures down. The child was conveyed to the herder securely. That equivalent year, King Panduvasudeva passed on and Abhaya turned into his replacement. He was not an extraordinary ruler, however he was positively a caring one and he was very much cherished, particularly by poor people. Quite a while passed by and when Pandukabhaya was around seven years of age, bits of gossip arrived at his nine uncles about a kid in Dvaramandalaka who as far as anyone knows was a herdsman’s child, however who gave all indications of being of regal background.They suspected that this kid might be their sister’s child, since they had motivation to accept that the young lady who was being raised as a princess in the royal residence was not Chitra’s little girl. They conveyed individuals to slaughter all young men in the town who were around a similar age as their nephew. It was realized that all the young men of Dvaramandalaka washed at a specific lake, and it was arranged that they ought to be murdered while they were washing. The arrangement was executed and a few small kids we re murdered.Pandukabhaya, in any case, had been stowing away at that point, thus he got away from death. While Pandukabhaya’s uncles were fulfilled at the time that they had wiped out their nephew, a few years after the fact they became dubious again when they heard accounts of a town kid who looked more like a ruler than a herdsman’s child. They endeavored to have him slaughtered once more, and the endeavor bombed again. When Pandukabhaya was around sixteen years of age, Princess Chitra, dreading for her son’s wellbeing, masterminded to have him live with a Brahman named Pandula.Once he was mature enough to become ruler, Pandukabhaya left Pandula, wedded his cousin Pali and battled his uncles to guarantee his entitlement to the royal position. Eight of his ten uncles died in the war, which went on for a long time. Abhaya, who had never battled against Pandukabhaya, and Girikandasiva, who was Pali’s father, were not slaughtered. Pandukabhaya was a decent lord and ruled over Sri Lanka for a long time, leaving the nation in a prosperous state when he kick the bucket

Passion Flower Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, and Interactions

Passion Flower Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, and Interactions Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Print The Health Benefits of Passion Flower Effects of Passion Flower on Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 17, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Passion flower (passiflora incarnata) is an herbal supplement used historically in treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and hysteria. A perennial climbing vine native to southeastern North America, passion flower is now grown throughout Europe. The herbal supplement is composed of the flowers, leaves, and stems of the plant. When used in complementary medicine, passion flower is available as infusions, teas, liquid extracts, and  tinctures. Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee   Health Benefits Although the safety and effectiveness of passion flower have not been adequately studied, evidence from limited animal and human research suggest that the supplement may be useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, and nervous disorders.?? However, more rigorous scientific studies are needed to make firm conclusions about the effectiveness of passion flower for the treatment of anxiety problems, such as social anxiety disorder (SAD). Possible Side Effects Side effects have been rarely reported for passion flower but may include nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, rapid heartbeat, and mental slowing. When taking passion flower, make sure you dont drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.   In general, passion flower is considered safe and nontoxic.?? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), however, does not regulate the production of herbs and supplements. Most herbs and supplements are not thoroughly tested, and there is no guarantee regarding the ingredients or safety of the products. Dosage and Preparation There is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of passion flower in children. In addition, it is important to stress that these dosages are not prescriptions, but merely suggested guidelines.   Infusions: 2.5 grams, 3 to 4 times dailyTeas: Tea made from 4 to 8 grams of dried herb, daily??Liquid extract: 10 to 30 drops, 3 times dailyTincture: 10 to 60 drops, 3 times daily The same advice applies when using passion flower as does for any natural supplement: Read the product label and discuss with a doctor or other medical provider what dosage is suitable for you and your specific medical needs. Be sure to tell them of any other medications youre taking or remedies youre using, even if only occasionally. As with most herbal remedies or other medications, its not a good idea to take passion flower if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. As with any herbal remedy, there is always the possibility of interaction between passion flower and other treatments or medications.?? Theres a fairly comprehensive list of medications known to have possible interactions with passion flower. These include antihistamines,  benzodiazepines,  barbiturates, and  narcotics. In addition, any antidepressant has the potential to interfere with its potency as well. Take care if you are taking blood thinners or anti-inflammatory medications, as these have been shown to have possible passion flower interactions.?? Other herbal remedies that may cause issues with passion flower are  kava and valerian root. Finally, substances like alcohol, caffeine, and aspirin may not mix well with passion flower usage.   To sum up, the standard caveats apply to passion flower that apply to any other new medication or treatment: If  you are already taking or planning to take another medication or supplement, consult with a qualified healthcare provider about potential interactions.   Other Questions What are some alternatives to passion flower for anxiety? If passion flower isnt working the way you need it to, or you want to try other options, there are many other supplements suggested for social anxiety disorder,  such as chamomile, which  several studies have shown to be effective in reducing anxiety and perhaps even acting as an antidepressant.?? Chamomile has been used for thousands of years, including by the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans. Another option that many with depression have found helpful is St. Johns Wort. Research suggests that St. John’s Wort is useful in treating mild to moderate depression, but its value as a treatment for anxiety is still not established.?? If you live with social anxiety that is severe and debilitating and have not yet sought a diagnosis or standard treatment, that should be your first line of defense before trying an alternative treatment such as passion flower. Evidence-based treatments such as medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) have been proven effective to reduce the symptoms of social anxiety.?? There is no need to live with daily social anxietyâ€"see your doctor about a referral to a qualified mental health professional for diagnosis and treatment.

Use These 6 APUSH Study Guides to Get a Better Score

Looking for an APUSH study guide to help you achieve your best score? Here’s a roundup of 6 great APUSH study guides. 1. Gilder Lehrman AP US History Study Guide The Gilder Lehrman Institute’s AP US History Study Guide is a comprehensive guide to the historical content on the exam. The College Board (you know, the folks who make the APUSH exam) recommends this study guide on their APUSH website, so you know you can trust it to be reliable and well-researched. This APUSH study guide is organized by period. Each of the 9 APUSH periods has: a video covering the main ideas for the period an outline of key concepts an interactive timeline of events a collection of primary source documents links to other related videos and essays Gilder Lehrman also offers a free multiple choice practice test so you can see how much you’ve learned. 2. Khan Academy AP US History Study Sheet For a quick but comprehensive overview of the exam, check out Khan Academy’s AP US History Study Sheet. The most helpful feature is a chart that cross-references each of the 7 APUSH themes with the 9 historical periods that you’ll see on the exam. This is a great tool to help you sort through the vast amount of content on the test, and boil it down to the major ideas. It also helps you see the connections between ideas across time, which is awesome for dealing with synthesis questions on the APUSH exam. Also on the study sheet are some other useful features like: a series of video tutorials on how to approach each question type a list of key primary source documents you should be familiar with a list of landmark Supreme Court cases you’ll want to know for the test a list of vocabulary terms you’ll want to master (this is a great list to use to make some flashcards) 3. Albert.io APUSH Study Guide You’re really getting a two-for-one here, as I’m about to point you to two different resources from Albert that can serve as valuable study tools as you prepare for the AP US History exam. The first is this One Month AP US History Study Guide. It gives you a daily plan for a month-long review of AP US History. The detailed plan gives you activities for each day, including examining resources from the test maker, reviewing concept outlines, taking practice questions, and making flashcards. If you’re overwhelmed by the breadth of the exam or if you’re just not great at getting yourself organized, this handy plan neatly lays everything out for you. The second Albert resource I want to direct you to is The Ultimate Study Guide to AP US History. This is basically a giant chart that lists the key concepts for each period. The really cool thing, however, is that each concept links directly to practice questions so you can instantly test your knowledge of that topic. 4. Glencoe Online Learning Center: American History This site from Glencoe is designed to accompany their American History: Connecting with the Past textbook. However, it is a great tool whether your class uses this particular book or not, and it is totally free to use. You don’t need a book code or anything like some textbook sites require. This study guide has two main components: chapter activities and the â€Å"Primary Source Investigator.† The activities for each chapter (found in a drop-down menu on the left sidebar) include: chapter outline of main themes several different quiz formats, including multiple choice, true/false, and image-based essay questions free response short answer study questions, some based on primary source documents and some not â€Å"Where Historians Disagree,† which discusses major historical interpretations involving the period â€Å"America in the World,† which discusses how the US related to larger global events and patterns during the period interactive maps The Primary Source Investigator is a vast library of primary source documents. Since so much of the APUSH exam is stimulus-based, it’s a great idea to spend a lot of time working with these types of documents. Here, Glencoe provides both explanations and comprehension questions for each primary source document in their collection. 5. AP US History Review and Study Guide This is a PDF study guide that follows along with The American Pageant textbook, which is used in many APUSH classrooms. Whether or not you’re using this particular textbook in class, this is a very thorough outline of the content you can expect to see on the APUSH exam. In this APUSH study guide, each chapter contains both an outline and a list of key terms with definitions. 6. AP US History Notes This APUSH study guide from AP Study Notes has a lot of helpful resources, including: chapter outlines (based on The American Pageant textbook) important vocabulary terms, broken down by chapter multiple choice practice questions (Note: These questions are not formatted like the stimulus-based multiple choice questions on the current APUSH exam; however, they still provide helpful content review.) topical outlines timelines of major events a list of important Supreme Court cases sample student essays on a variety of topics Browse these APUSH study guides to find the one that works best for you, depending on how much time you have to study and the way you learn best. You should also be sure to continue browsing the Magoosh blog for more great review content and test-taking tips for your AP US History exam.

The Pledge Of Allegiance From A Very Young Age - 1295 Words

The Pledge of Allegiance was taught to me at a very young age. Most children in the United States learn the Pledge in Kindergarten. As a child I never questioned the phrase â€Å"Under God†. Perhaps I did not question it because I was raised as a believer of God. Fortunately, with age, I have become more of a critical thinker. I have become more cultured and knowledgeable to the people who differ from me. Not every American citizen is a believer of God; there are various religions with different or multiple gods. Also many American citizens do not believe in God or any type of higher power. The phrase â€Å"Under God† in the Pledge is a current social issue being debated constantly. I am going to investigate both sides of this issue and determine if God should be mentioned in the Pledge of Allegiance. The history of the nation’s Pledge of Allegiance is a crucial component to this issue. Often times students are taught to recite the Pledge but not to understand th e history and meaning behind it. The Pledge of Allegiance holds tremendous importance to this nation; an importance that is often forgotten. The reciting of the Pledge represents patriotism to America. In America citizens are tremendously protective of their rights. The First Amendment of the Constitution establishes religious freedom. The phrase â€Å"Under God† was not a part of the original Pledge but added in the early 1950’s. In the article, â€Å"One Nation, Under God: Tolerable Acknowledgement or Unconstitutional Cold WarShow MoreRelated The Pledge of Allegiance Essay1845 Words   |  8 Pagesbeginning of each day in many public and private schools around the country, students stand and recite the Pledge of Allegiance. In fact, 35 states have passed laws mandating that the Pledge be recited on a daily basis. This issue has been a source of controversy for years. On one side of the argument exists families and educators who believe in the citizenship and patrio tism that reciting the Pledge brings (Chiodo, 2011). On the opposing side, families and educators argue the possible threat to an individual’sRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1501 Words   |  7 Pagesend when he was kidnapped from his loving family and sold as a slave. Throughout the narrative, Equiano is searching for a family, like the one he lost. This is shown in â€Å"Filiation to Affiliation: Kinship and Sentiment in Equiano’s Interesting Narrative†, By Ramesh Mallipeddi. Also throughout Equiano’s quest for freedom we learn that he is a critical thinker, and being a writer in the 18th century meant living in the enlightenment era. In â€Å"The Poetics of Belonging in the Age of Enlightenment: SpiritualRead MoreJehovah s Witness Home Has Its Ups And Its Downs1670 Words   |  7 Pages before anything. In the publications â€Å"Questions Young People Ask: Answers That Work† Volumes from The Watchtower Bible a nd Tract Society of New York, are actual young people who are Witnesses; they express the ups and the downs. These publications refer to scriptures in the New World Transcription of the Holy Scriptures Bible, (or in any bible you may have at home) as well as other information in encyclopedias and dictionaries. Overall, The Young People Ask Volumes go over topics such as dealingRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism953 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Jewish Holocaust. From 1939-1945 the Jewish population was scapegoated for all of Germany’s problems after World War l, resulting in the death of 6 million Jews. This is why racism has to stop, so history doesn’t repeat itself. Another huge factor to why racism exists is because of the fact that people make general, uneducated assumptions about different racial groups, the first steps to prejudice. 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The United States government at its earliest establishment had set forth a set of freedoms for all people to feel safe from any persecution. In order to make these a set of established rights, the founding fathers created the U.S. Constitution that holdsRead MoreEed 465 Curriculum Social Studies1037 Words   |  5 Pagesand Standards Investigations As I read and thought about the Social Studies Standards, I considered looking into the standards for First grade. I think that children in this grade level are at a good age to better understand Social Studies. I do realize that teaching Social Studies starts from pre-school however it can be further be understood by older aged students. The topics that are covered according to the Standards first grade should introduce settlements and cultures, civilizations, andRead MoreReligion, Religion And Religion1189 Words   |  5 PagesReligion is a concept that is passed down from generation to generation. 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Women in Chemistry - Pictures of Famous Female Chemists

The Statement Of Teaching Philosophy - 1775 Words

My Philosophy Introduction â€Å"The statement of teaching philosophy (also called the teaching statement or teaching philosophy statement) promotes reflective practice by encouraging instructors to describe their teaching methods, to justify why they use those methods, to analyze the effectiveness of those methods, and to consider how they might appropriately modify those methods in future courses.† (Schà ¶nwetter et al., 2002) Stake holder motivation, engagement, cognitive associations, and personal values are the principal elements of education. The attainment of knowledge, standards mastery, and the ability to reason come second to a student s overall well-being. Elements of behaviorism, essentialism, progressivism, existentialism and†¦show more content†¦For example, many first drafts include general statements about learning goals as well as teaching practices.† (Kearns Sullivan, 2011) Teachers are encouraged to systematically change declarative statements about their passion f or teaching moments in the classroom that speak of learning goals and personal qualities. It is through reflection of experiences that teachers can build personal expectations of themselves. Review of the Literature Within a framework of teaching, educators focus on the nature of knowledge and how students gain that knowledge. There are five established, major educational philosophies. They are behaviorism, essentialism, progressivism, existentialism and perennialism. These philosophies greatly focus on what should be taught. Behavioral learning theories are simply explained as reinforcing behaviors one would like to see repeated. Slavin states, Reinforcement will increase the frequency of a behavior with positive or negative consequences. (2012, p. 120) The student environment impacts student decisions and learning. Positive reinforcement is the application of a stimulus. Negative reinforcement is the application of a punishment. The role of teachers in behavioral learning theories is to provide immediate and concise feedback of behaviors. Teachers should provide tasks with small,

My Parent s Relationship With My Parents - 1674 Words

The course of my parent’s relationship as I was growing up has a lot to do with how I view relationships; but aside from my parents, my mother’s family had a lot to do with some of the norms and values that I have today in regards to sexual relationships and sexuality. Along with learning about sexual relationships based on the view of my family, I also learned and have been affected in my adult life about gender roles as well. My parents were my main source of learning about relationships. My parents met each other through a mutual friend, my mom was in America for about a year when she met my dad and he was living in America for about two years. Shortly after they met, they started dating and year later they decided it was time to get married. My father’s family originated from China and my mother is from Vietnam but she is Chinese as well. My parents’ families share the same views on finding a partner and marriage, they believe that you should find some one based on education, income, and majority believes ethnicity. Their families shared the same status, most were low-income but lived with few who had older children to help take care of them. My mother and father share the same educational status; they both did not complete high school. My family perceives love as something based on common interest, being able to get along with someone, and sharing the same values along with similar lifestyles to that person. I have learned on rare intimate talks with adults in myShow MoreRelatedMy Parent s Relationship With My Parents Essay1930 Words   |  8 Pagesand I am lucky enough to call them my parents. My parents have been married for 21 years and while they do engage in the occasional argument over dirty dishes, I have never doubted that my parents love and respect each other. One observation that I have made about my parent’s relationship is how they make sacrifices for each other so that they can create the best home environme nt for my sister and I. Currently both of my parents work outside of the home, although my mother used to teach preschool fromRead MoreJohn Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth s Attachment Theories1196 Words   |  5 Pages John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth s attachment theories derive from the idea that in early development infants develop different attachment behaviors in relation to their caregivers. This emotional bond between an infant and their parents can have an enduring impact on future relationships throughout an individual s life. Research has shown that there does not have to be a biological component for an infant to bond with a parent. Instead the bond or attachment is related to â€Å"quality and quantity†Read MoreHow I Changed My Life934 Words   |  4 Pagesperson you are today.I had many relationships, but one girl has changed my life in a way that i never imagined.In all my relationship before I wouldnt stay for long; i was always figuring why go out with someone if your not happy.Which brings me to, one of the most vivid memories when I was younger my parents were always fighting; it was a normal thing. My parents were together for a while they loved each other, or so it seemed but I just thought they were together for us. My brother and I grew up reallyRead MoreMy Family : My Mother1546 Words   |  7 PagesI view my family as being unique, loving, hardworking, and supportive. I have an older sister who is 27 years old, a younger sister who is 24 years old, and I am the lucky 25 year old middle child. My mother is Colombian and my father is Cuban. My mother came to the United States about 30 years ago with the hope of finding a good job and earning enough money to someday return back to her homeland. My father came to the United States over 35 years ago to open up his own business. Once my father lostRead MoreLove Is Not Based On Conditions And Prejudice1082 Words   |  5 Pagesprejudice is between children and parents. The power of such b ond is unperceived by many and only taken for granted. However, to maintain that bond, parents and children are obligated to earnestly sacrifice for each other. A prospering relationship is unachievable with unrequited love; both individuals need to demonstrate their value for one another. Sadly, the insight of the importance of my parents occurred to me recently and those previous interactions with my parents were not pleasant. As I grew toRead MoreFamilies in the 1960’s and Today615 Words   |  3 Pagesin the 1960’s and Today Kiana Joyner American Intercontinental University Abstract This paper will discuss the differences between families from the 1960’s and the families of today. There are many differences between the different times. I have focused on the parentage portion of the families. I explained what the ideal family is and how it is different today. I’ve also included ways that will help these families of today become stronger as a family. Families in the 1960’s and Today ThereRead MorePersonal Statement : When Teachers Reflect, By Terrell, Klein And Jewett940 Words   |  4 PagesIn my work place, I work with culturally diverse families. Most of children speak another language at home, and first experience at preschool setting. My families often same culture as mine, but it is not always have the same beliefs and values. My job responsibility is to learn how to develop positive relationships with diverse families. That means I work together with families, teachers to help children learn the best. Working with families sometimes is difficult to build a relationship withRead MoreBricklayers Boy by: Alfred Lubrano1347 Words   |  4 PagesAre parents supposed to be there for their kids? Are parents supposed to guide their own kids in the right path? Yes. Parents have many jobs to do in their lives, like taking care and supporting their children, working a lot in order to run a family, and most importantly to be role models to their children. Paren ts after learning a lot through their own childhoods should be aware, and well aware of what to do and what not do. In addition, parents make their own mistakes in life and once they knowRead MoreTheories And Techniques Of Family Counseling1307 Words   |  6 Pagesis the family we grew up in. Our birth order, the personalities of our parent(s), the way we were treated by our siblings, the socioeconomic status of the family, their education, the place we lived — all of these shaped us at the time when we were most vulnerable to being shaped. The big picture of the patterns and significant themes in my family of origin is that there are issues of relative closeness of relationships within the various generations of the several nuclear families and to someRead MorePersonal Statement : Teacher Student Relationships1254 Words   |  6 Pagesto feel overwhelmed. However, I will strive to try to see the bigger picture. The relationships I construct in my classes have to be my priority. As a teacher, there are numerous approaches that I will cultivate and maintain relationships with my students, scholars’ parents, employers, and colleagues. Principal, through retaining and developing a relationship with Jesus, I will shine His light into all my relationships by displaying a character that will be godly only to the extent that we allow God

Legal Studies †the Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibility) Act 2006 Free Essays

The Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibility) Act 2006 commenced on the first of July 2006 assists in the way that separating parents resolve their disputes involving the best interests of their children. This law is still taking time to make an effect on divorcing and separating parents, as sources show that shared custody arrangements or 50:50 joint custody makes little effect on the children involved in these situations. This was achieved through a major study conducted by Bruce Smyth and Bryan Rodgers who showed that children in shared care are no worse off or no better than those who see the other parent every second weekend for example [Source E]. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Studies – the Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibility) Act 2006 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The aim of the legislation was to change the past 1995 reforms as they failed to achieve the desired impact of separating couples [source A]. The act was created also to encourage parents to share the parenting of their children by allowing them to have equal time with both mother and father and also for the major decisions and responsibilities of the children to be distributed evenly. The law was changed because of the various groups who protested against the past regulations the law provided. The changes included the terminology, facilitation of shared parenting time and the concept that the separated parents both retain parental responsibility [Source A]. The new family law process outlined in the Every Picture Tells a Story report also creates an emphasis on parents coming to agreements in a ‘parenting plan’. There was also a proposal to create a ‘Family Tribunal’, which was where the separating parents could work their issues with consultation and counseling without the invasive use of the courts. The government also put forward $400 million to be spent on 65 family relationship centres for counseling couples [Source B]. Groups who have been against the Family Law Amendment are law academics, judges, women’s legal services, and single mother groups, [source D] because of the issue of abuse from their spouses after the separation. The act sets out that parents are to share the responsibility of the children between them, with the exclusion of abusive spouses. This therefore results in parents having to consult each other about their children’s education, religious and cultural upbringing, health, change of name, and also place of residence [Source A]. Also included in the act is that counseling would be offered to parents in assisting them to reach an agreement between both parties, and child support doesn’t have to be given until six weeks after the parents have separated. The Act only previously allowing grandparents contact through applications however rights have been elevated and the relationship between the children and grandparents are taken directly into consideration when making the arrangements in the parenting plan. The presumption of equal shared responsibility in the amendment means that both parents have an equal role in making decisions about the major choices involving the children; for example what school they will attend. The presumption however does not apply to a parent who has engaged in any abuse, violence or neglect towards the child, and was not included in the previous Act. With this the Act strives to provide the parents with equal shared responsibility which means the child spends a reasonably even amount of time with each parent (if it is in the best interest of the child). The main issue of the legislation is the increase in funding necessary for the Act to go ahead, as the proposals put forward for the committee, family centres, and other programs require a great deal of money to be established. Tax payers are forced to contribute more so that these can be provided, however in saying this establishing the inquisitorial tribunal creates a more level playing field for separating partners, particularly if one party cannot afford private legal representation [Source A]. In excluding legal representation, which is what happens in this process, creates a lesser need for lawyers to be involved in family matters, therefore those representing families will no longer be needed. According to the National Association of Community Legal Centres they suggest that the new family law and processes â€Å"may be harmful to children† [Source B]. Compulsory mediation may force separated parents to communicate and associate with their former abusive partners, who may blackmail or force that parent to agree to an arrangement that benefits the abuser. This leads to a lifetime of fear and anticipation of more abusive from the former partner. According to the legislation, if a report or suspicion of abuse has arisen, the mediation will not go forward nor will it agree to unsafe parenting arrangements. While some children benefit from the equal shared parenting arrangements, it doesn’t mean that some are better or worse off than others. Joint physical custody has been found to be workable only in a minority of separations where parents have freely chosen the arrangement. The cases in which the shared parenting has generally worked is when there is no record of abuse or conflict and when there is commitment from both parents. [Source C]. Throughout this whole process the mediation is voluntary, and can stop at any time as the couples wish. The parties have access to legal advice, either during the mediation or before signing any mediated agreement [Source B]. There are many financial problems with this Act, as separated parents have to pay for the children independently and cannot find stability with their finances in order to pay for schooling, health and so forth. There is also the major issue that is domestic violence. The Act reinforced a fine for making false allegations about abuse and therefore some parents were pressured into making parental agreements that involved the abuser. This also made some victims too scared to tell courts about abuse or violence directed at their children [Source F]. This law is affective, however could be revised in order to benefit the parents. The financial problems that are caused by this law are unavoidable for some families, as one parent or both may struggle to afford to make ends meet. The court could evaluate each parent’s financial status and the ability of them to be economically safe in order to enable them to be able to raise the children effectively. However in saying this, the court should not take children off one parent if they are not capable to pay for the child, especially if the other parent is reportedly an abuser. Abusive parents should be constantly monitored whilst mediating with the other parent (if the victim wants mediation) and the child should have a say in which parent they think is able to look after them. Abusive spouses should not be allowed any contact with the victim while proceedings are happening, so that they do not coerce the other parent into an unfair parenting agreement. The abused parent should also be supervised during this period so that it is seen that they are not influenced or blackmailed by the abuser. The Act should focus more on the child’s need than the parents. While both parents have equal shared responsibility, the child should be involved in the parenting agreements and have a fair say in what happens to them. It is argued that the Act focuses more on the parent’s rights than the children’s needs, and that the reforms favor fathers more than mothers [Source F]. In conclusion, it is believed that the Act is not effective however has improved the rights of equal responsibility between parents. It is said that shared care is proving successful for many parents, [Source E] however parents are the only beneficiaries from this because the arrangement aids them more than the child, as the Act is more in the parents favor than the children’s. The Act should be revaluated so that it is beneficial to all parties. How to cite Legal Studies – the Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibility) Act 2006, Essays

Psilocybin Mushrooms are an example of a hallucino Essay Example For Students

Psilocybin Mushrooms are an example of a hallucino Essay gen. They were originally used during religious ceremonies of ancient indian tribes. This was done to expand their minds. Today, you could say that mushrooms are used to expand peoples minds, but definitely in a different way. There are many effects of using Psilocybin Mushrooms. Some are positive and some are negative. Also, the effects that psilocybin have on a person depends on how much they have had. There are quite a few minor effects on a person when taking a small dose of psilocybin (.25grams 1.5 grams). They are things such as fatigue, nausea, slight cold feeling, feeling of physical heaviness of conversely lightness, mental and physical relaxation, slight pupil dilation, nervous feeling, and giddiness. Some of these effects are desired effects, but not a whole lot of them. How many people really love to get nauseated. I sure dont like to have that feeling. Some of these things are not such a big deal either. This is because it is such a small dose. However, it is still abusing your body, and your bodys functions. Besides all that, there are also legal consequences. When someone takes Psilocybin Mushrooms in a medium size dose (1.25 grams 4.0 grams), there are effects that are a little more serious than taking psilocybin in a small amount. These effects are things such as open-eye visual effects, lights gain auras, star-pattern effects, rainbowing around lighting, increased peripheral vision, sometimes either increased or decreased ability to focus, and other visions. These are very typical effects of a hallucinogen. These desired effects can sometimes cause long term brain damage if used to much. At a medium or high dose level the effects can be seriously harmful in the long-run. However, the dosage does not always have to be large. Psilocybin causes different levels of effects for different people, even at the same dosage. At a high dose level, psilocybin mushrooms have even more serious effects. The effects of high dosage are the same as the effects of medium dosage, but in a greater abundance. The effects of high dosage are much more seriou s than medium dosage, even though they are the same things. There are also effects that are positive, but not many. The only positive effect that is possible is the high that you experience. You will hallucinate while you are on psilocybin mushrooms, but all of the negative effects will happen as well. Also, the hallucinating could be a negative effect depending on the situation. As described, psilocybin mushrooms have many different effects, most of which are negative. They make you hallucinate, which is the desired effect. They can also cause permanent brain damage. When you take psilocybin you are at a very high risk, because different doses cause different problems depending on the person. A low dosage could kill you the first time you ever take it.

The Jade Peony Essay Research Paper A free essay sample

The Jade Peony Essay, Research Paper A victim could be described as a individual cheated, injured, or even fooled by fortunes. Yet it seems that the thought of victimization has become a symbol of Canada for Canadian writers. Margaret Atwood explains in, ? The Victim Theory, ? that in most cases of literature, the cardinal subject is? au naturel endurance in the face of? hostile? elements? ( Atwood, ? The Victim Theory? 77 ) Hence, for the Gallic Canadians after the English took over, ? it became cultural endurance, hanging on as people, retaining a faith and a linguistic communication under an foreign authorities? ( Atwood 77 ) . Unlike the manner of the Americans or the English, who hold out excitement and security, the Canadian literature can be seen on the opposite side of the spectrum with its unwanted anxiousness. Consequently, The Jade Peony, written by Wayson Choy, is a narrative about a Chinese household life in Vancouver, within the bosom of Chinatown. We will write a custom essay sample on The Jade Peony Essay Research Paper A or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The narrative presents the battles and bad lucks that the characters have undergone, therefore admiting the thought of endurance. As a co-relation to survival, Margaret Atwood introduces places that make the character a victim, ? First of which is denying the fact that you are a victim at all? ( Atwood 79 ) . In the 2nd place, nevertheless, the character is a victim but believes that it is at that place merely by Fate. Furthermore, in Canadian literature, the subsister is non a master or even receive victory but has merely the fact of cognizing his ordeal ; and sometimes, the obstructions that a character faces are non even external factors, but instead it is a religious endurance. Therefore, The Jade Peony, written by Wayson Choy agrees with Margaret Atwood? s? The Victim Theory. ? Jung-Sum is a victim, but denying the fact that he is makes him carry through the first primary place. Jung-Sum was brought in to Canada, due to the war that had took topographic point in China ; and shortly became the adoptive boy of a Chinese twosome. Jung-Sum efficaciously proves that he is a victim, for both his parents had died early in his life and he was left all entirely with no 1 to take attention of him. He is four old ages old, and yet he is forced to populate a life that merely one can awfully conceive of of. Nevertheless, Jung-Sum denies the fact that he is a victim. During the procedure of acceptance, his stepmother cutely asks him, ? Who feeds you now? ? ( Choy, The Jade Peony 83 ) Granted the state of affairs, he replies, ? I FEED MYSELF NOW? ( Choy 84 ) . His response to his stepmother proves that he is non ready to give up on life and he realizes there is a future in front of him. At such a stamp age, he is willing to take attention of himself. With all the choler i nside of him and no superior authorization to care of his demands, he tends to? feign that certain seeable facts do non be? ( Atwood 79 ) . He still thinks that his parents are alive and will come back for him, although he himself witnessed the decease of his parents. Furthermore, he suppresses his choler by seeking to transport on life by himself. ? I grabbed my bag to run off. The Old One pulled me back? ( Choy 82 ) . He has bravery to travel on with life, although he has so many grounds non to. Yet, the fact that he thinks he can take on heavy duties of life himself makes him a stronger individual. He tries to deny the fact that he is a victim by making out for the hereafter. Therefore, he is willing to bury the yesteryear, and wants to do a life of his ain. Poh-Poh, the grandma, believes that there is an unmanageable force behind her ordeal # 8211 ; Fate. Her ordeal is something most atrocious to the human oculus. When she was brought into the universe, her female parent confessed that she was? twice-cursed for being born ugly and a girl-child? ( Choy 41 ) . Furthermore, Poh-Poh? s male parent desiring a boy, bicker at her female parent? s face and left them everlastingly. However, she is enduring because she believes that she can non alter the state of affairs herself. She doesn? t talk about her ordeals with anyone, even her household members, for she believes that it will allure the Gods to convey more expletives on her. Furthermore, she neer fought to work out her ordeals, since destiny would convey her something better in the hereafter. As a consequence, she took in all the troubles that life presented with endurance and submissiveness. She vividly proves the victim theory because she doesn? Ts need the feel to set her status, hol ding a inactive credence of her destiny. However, her ordeal did non stop at a immature age. When she was nine old ages old, she was sold into the Shanghai household as a retainer. During her stay at that place, the First Concubine was non affectionate of Poh-Poh. Because Poh-Poh had non learned fast plenty to knot pom-pom flowers, ? her thin kid? s back was whipped with a knotted belt and beaten with a switch? ( Choy 35 ) . She believes that all these ordeals that she experienced was merely lesson in life. Although life seemed to give her the worst side early, she got the best of life in the terminal. She was pronounced an ugly kid at birth, and yet she grew up to get married and give birth to one boy. She is everlastingly grateful that destiny had given her such a beautiful gift. Therefore, Poh-Poh neer wasted her energy seeking non to be a victim, for she knew that she would merely have what destiny would let. Although Wong-Suk survived his ordeals, he neer received victory for his accomplishments. He had come to Canada, seeking to bury the life in China. His chance came when Canadian companies issued forth statements in China naming for able-bodied workers in constructing the railway. Many work forces took this chance, non merely to go forth the ordeals behind but besides to look for a new hereafter and a new gap. They had besides heard rumor of gold in the rivers that passed down the mountain drops, which would do a adult male really affluent. However, in order for Wong-Suk to come to Canada, he? was to pay back, through his labor, the steerage menu from Canton, his adhering revenue enhancement, plus give back so many old ages of his rewards for shelter, nutrient, and the privilege of being allowed to pay involvement on his debts? ( Choy 50 ) . His privation for a new life moved him to come to Canada. Even after he had come, it wasn? t easy. The labour cantonments were frequently soiled, with no care. He barely had any money left for himself, for he sent most of it place. Finally, at the age of 80, he had finished paying his dues to the authorities. Meanwhile, his stay in Chinatown was non pleasant either. Wong-Suk? s face had the figure of a monkey. Peoples were stating that his female parent possibly? fell in love with a monkey? ( Choy 60 ) . The whole town talked about his monkey-face figure. Though Wong-Suk had gone through many ordeals, there was no triumph or victory in sight. Therefore, he proves that he has small left after his ordeal, and that is? gratitude for lasting the ordeal? ( Atwood 77 ) .

App Essay - Free Text Format

App Essay - Free Text FormatApp essay is also called free text option because in this method, the student can choose from several formats that are offered. Free text option means that there is no need to pay anything to write this option. Instead, it is offered as a way to help those who do not have enough time and money to spend for these essays.This is a method of writing essays with less number of research papers that can be written easily. Students who do not have enough time to research about various topics will find this option suitable for them. Another great thing about this option is that all the required information about the topic is available on the internet or even at the library.The free app essay samples are usually customized based on the student's knowledge base. This helps the student to know the contents of the essay without having to go through the research paper. By knowing what is to be written, students will know what information they have to write about and ho w they can make it interesting.The students can simply open the free app essay samples provided in the internet and select the format that they want to use. It is only a matter of time before they get used to writing an app essay. Some might get lazy after using this type of essay but this should not be the case. They should know that there are professionals who can actually make use of this format in order to create high quality results.The essay is easier to write compared to regular essays. The reason for this is that it is more focused on the topic and more specifically on the topic. The essays are short but longer essays would take too much time to read, which is very boring.Students can even opt to use the app essay for their research papers. It is important to study the different formats so that they can choose the one that best suits them. Once the format is chosen, the students should then come up with a great outline of what the project they are doing is all about.There ar e several online options that they can use for this purpose. It is best to download a free app essay samples from the internet to save the time that the students would spend for research. Once the essay has been created, they should send it to the professors for editing.To create a high quality product, the students should take a few minutes of their time to learn about the different programs used for this. Once they know about the different forms that can be used for this, they can write a great content. This option is indeed a great way to earn some extra income because they do not have to pay anything to do this.

United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates Development Levels of United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates (UAE) is among the most developed countries in the world with a very high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the Middle East. The country has very high human development index. Moreover, the country has been ranked among the highest growing economies in the world.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the country has high per capita income than most developed countries (Zaman 4). The country has also high consumption levels both private and public. Moreover, the country enjoys a positive current account balances because of the high incomes from the oil sector. Contribution of Natural Factors and Human Capital The country has vast deposits of petroleum products that have been critical in the development of the country. Oil products usually fetch high income to a country and they have ready market throughout the world. Moreover, the country is situated in a strategic position that makes it a tourist attraction center. It is important to note that the country has invested a lot of money on the education sector. Graduates, high school dropouts as well as the adults are included in the program that is aimed at increasing the productivity of people (Rostin 6). This has been highly beneficial for the country. In addition, the government has heavily invested in research and development leading to increased development. On the same note, the government has implemented policies that has made establishment of companies very easy thus encouraging both local and foreign investors Effects of Environmental Externalities and Income Inequality UAE has invested heavily in the oil industry and many people work in this sector. This industry has led to the establishment of other industries that majorly come up to offer services to people who work in the oil industry. Moreover, the presence of o il in the UAE has been quite critical in the development of the manufacturing and service sectors that are very vibrant currently. These industries have been vital in enhancing the development of the United Arab Emirates. However, there is also the problem of pollution that results from the many industries that have been established (Bazoobandi 78). On the other hand, there is a lot of inequality in the UAE which hinder even development in the country. Some emirates have very low incomes and as a result, they are lowly developed compared to others. Furthermore, other people earn very high incomes and enjoy high living standards while others earn lowly leading to high disparities. Contribution of other Development Factors The country has very good transport system both road and air transport. Most of the places are connected through roads as well as by air. The country’s airline, Emirates airline, is among the largest airlines in the world. The country is also in the coastline and has one of the best ports in the world. Telecommunication sector is also advanced with many people having access to phone and the internet (Zaman 6). However, there are other emirates that have poor road networks due to underdevelopment compared to others.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The country adheres to the Islam rules and culture. Most people in the country observe the Islam code of dressing. Nevertheless, the country is tolerant to other religions given the fact that it has many foreigners working there. This has been a positive factor that attracts foreign expatriates to the country (Bazoobandi 83). Tolerance in religion and culture has also been advantageous in the development of the tourism industry. Nonetheless, the government still requires local majority ownership in every firm established in the country. This protectionist tendency has discour aged some potential investors who would not want to dilute ownership of their firm. Income inequalities have also contributed to imbalanced development both among people and among emirates. Development Assistance Given and Government Policy UAE issues a lot of money in form of foreign aid to developing countries and in case of disasters as well as during emergence cases. In year 2010, the country gave $792.2 million that comprised 2.7% of its GDP as foreign aid (Bazoobandi 79). On the same note, the country receives a lot of money in form of foreign direct investment with the oil industry being the largest beneficiary. Arguably, the government’s policy is aimed at increasing exports, a reason as to why investment is directed to manufacturing and the service sector (Aldosari 120). There have been efforts to advance the micro-credit finance to serve people but still many people cannot access the services. Moreover, small and inefficient institutions offer the services. Possible Solution to Achieve High Development Respect of human rights is crucial in attraction of investors. Consequently, the government will have to protect human rights in order to attract foreign investors. Moreover, the government should try to reduce the income disparities that have prevailed in the country to increase economic development. Furthermore, the country needs to enhance its efforts in diversifying its economy to avoid shocks in case of crises in the oil industry. More importantly, the government will have to revisit its stand on the local ownership of any firm established locally to attract more foreign investors. Aldosari, Ali. Middle East, Western Asia and Northern Africa. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2007. Print.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bazoobandi, Sara. The Political Economy of the Gulf Sovereign Wealth Funds: A Case Study of Iran, Kuwai t, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. New York: Routledge, 2013. Print. Rostin, Andreas. Structural Changes in the United Arab Emirates. Munchen: GRIN Verlag, 2007. Print. Zaman, Nadeem UZ. UAE and Globalization-Attracting Foreign Investments. Munchen: GRIN Verlag, 2011. Print.

Home Alone Quotes

Home Alone Quotes In the 1990 movie Home Alone, 8-year-old Kevin McCallister is accidentally left behind (via a series of unlikely events) while the rest of his family is on vacation in Europe for the Christmas holidays. Kevin believes the situation is due to his wish that his family would disappear, so (for some reason) does not seem alarmed, and doesnt contact the authorities. Unfortunately for Kevin, two bumbling robbers (played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern) are casing the neighborhood looking for homes whose occupants are away on vacation. They settle on Kevins house, but he prepares a series of booby traps to keep them from entering. Eventually, Kevins family returns and the bad guys get caught. The movie was a huge box-office success  and launched the acting career of child star Macauley Culkin, who played Kevin. It spawned four sequels, each increasingly more far-fetched (this family cant possibly abandon their child so frequently, after all).   Quotes From Home Alone Kevin: When I grow up and get married Im living alone! Did you hear me? Im living alone! Im living alone! Im living alone! Kevin: I made my family disappear. I made my family disappear! Kevin: Bless this highly nutritious microwavable macaroni and cheese dinner and the people who sold it on sale. Amen. Kevin: This is my house, I have to defend it. Kevin: Hey, Im not afraid anymore! I said Im not afraid anymore! Do you hear me? Im not afraid anymore! Kevin: You guys give up yet? Or are you thirsty for more? Kevin: Down here, you idiots! Come and get me before I call the police! Kevin: Will you please tell Santa that instead of presents this year, I just want my family back. Harry (first burglar): Merry Christmas, little fella! We know that youre in there and that youre all alone. Harry: You bomb me with one more can, kid, and Ill snap off your cajones and boil them in motor oil! Harry: Its too late for you, kid; were already in the house. Were gonna get ya! Marv (second burglar): Yeah, come on, kid, open up. Its Santa Claus... and his elf! Marv: Hes a kid. Kids are stupid. I know I was. Marley (Kevins elderly neighbor): You live down the street from me, right? You know anytime you see me you can always say hello, you dont have to be afraid. A lot of stuff has been said about me... none of its true. Kevin: No offense, arent you too old to be afraid?Marley: You can be too old for a lot of things, but youre never too old to be afraid. Kate McCallister (Kevins mother): This is Christmas, the season of perpetual hope. And I dont care if I have to get out on your runway and hitchhike. If it costs me everything I own, if I have to sell my soul to the devil himself, I am going to get home to my son. Kate McCallister: How could we do this? We forgot him.Peter McCallister (Kevins father): We didnt forget him, we just miscounted.Kate: What kind of a mother am I?Frank: If it makes you feel any better, I forgot my reading glasses.

Analyze the impact of globalization, technology, and the quest for Essay

Analyze the impact of globalization, technology, and the quest for democracy in the Middle East today - Essay Example But in this short essay I will analyze in more detail another existential problem touched upon by both of the authors in their stories, namely, the treatment of the protagonists by the society and their attitude toward the communities they live in. What makes both books similar is a wide, yet quite resembling, range of metaphysical and existential problems the supernatural events of the sci-fi storyboard are covering. The dark side of the protagonists in either Shelleys or Stevensons stories is revealed contrary to their expectations. The depth of the spiritual abyss, which protagonists of both stories found themselves in against their own will as a result of actions made in good faith, led to dire consequences and death of innocent people. Once anyone in a community takes on responsibility for breaking the worlds backbone and defying the laws of nature, the way either Victor Frankenstein in Shelleys novel or Dr. Jekyll in Stevensons novella have done, the payback comes inevitably. Mary Shelley gave her book a title that contains the name of a hero from the ancient Greek mythology as an implication to the bitter end of her story. The legend about Prometheus becomes the key note of the whole book not by chance. According to the Greek mythology, Prometheus was the divine being responsible for creation of humankind. Complying with the desire of the supreme God named Zeus Prometheus made a human being in the image of god and taught men everything he knew. But then Prometheus got corrupted by humans and betrayed Zeus who had punished mankind for their wrong-doings. Zeus took the fire away from humans as a punishment, but Prometheus defied the odds and stole the fire from Zeus to give back to the people. In turn, Zeus decided to punish Prometheus for such impudence and tied him to the mountain to make suffer eternally. Just like in the legend about Prometheus, whose ambitions

The history of surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The history of surgery - Essay Example In ancient Greece, surgery was also performed in different ways. The Greek developed various tools and equipment that they used during their surgery processes. This was owing to the fact that they had an easy access to materials such as Iron. The Greek performed various surgeries in order to cure patients from different health complications. For instance, the Greek would undertake different forms of amputations on people. They would also drain the lungs of people, in case these suffered from pneumonia. In addition, the Greek bleed their patients, as well as set the patients’ bones. These processes can be considered to crude today. However, the Greek only turned to surgery as the last resort in order to save the lives of their patients. In the middle ages, the Arabs the Arabs based on the medicinal practices of the Greek in order to develop their own medicine. Nonetheless, this helped the Arabs to become supreme physicians during this age. For this reason, Baghdad was rose to become leading medical and drug centre in the whole world. The Arabs contributed highly to the aspect of drug making. They also used various plants that were believed to have medicinal value. With regard to surgery, the Arabs utilized specific medicinal plants, which had the capability of acting as anaesthetics during the process of surgery. For all patients that were to undergo surgical processes, the Arabs ensured to make them drink anaesthetic mixtures using the anaesthetic sponges. There were diverse procedures in the surgery process in the Arab world. For instance, the Arabs administered sedatives on patients before having them operated. In addition, for those patients that were to undergo amputation, the Arabs offered them to drink diffe rent types of mixtures that acted as sleeping

Gatsby :: essays research papers

"The Great Gatsby ", besides being a great literary piece, is a metaphor for a whole society, the American society. "The party was over" (Fitzgerald), which signifies a level of prophetic vision within the American society and its history. An essential part of this American characteristic of the novel, and its historicity, is about the American Dream. At the center of how Gatsby is a metaphor for a whole society, is the relationship between Europe, the already settled, which caused unsatisfaction and thus led to America, in which mercantilism and idealism are born and are a very important part of American History. In other words in American History, the human faculty of wonder is on the one hand, and the power and beauty of things is on the other. The book dramatizes this, directly in the life of Gatsby, how he changed his name and life from the already settled (Europe), for his dream (America). Gatsby's dream is the American Dream, that one can acquire happiness through wealth and power. Jay Gatsby had a love affair with the affluent Daisy, and knowing he couldn't marry her because of the difference on their social status, he leaves her in order to create wealth and reach her economic standards. When he achieve this wealth, Gatsby buys a house that is across the bay to Daisy's house, and throws immense and lavish parties, with the hope that Daisy would come to one of them. When he realizes this is very improbable, he starts asking various people from time to time if they know her. In this inquiry, he meets Jordan Baker, who tells him that Nick Carraway his neighbor is Daisy's cousin. Nick agrees to invite Daisy to his house one afternoon, and then let him over. Later, in the Buchanans house, when Gatsby is determined to watch and protect Daisy: "How long are you going to wait? "All night if necessary"" (Fitzgerald 152) Jay shows that he cannot accept that the past is the past and he is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth and influe nce and that Daisy has loved only him for all this time. Gatsby doesn't rest until his American dream is finally fulfilled, until Daisy is his. However it never becomes true and he ends dying because of it at the end. The dream both Gatsby and America had, was so unutterable that to a certain extent it was necessarily corruptible.

Nature Swaps in Latin America

Latin America is currently in a debt crisis. Poor management, over lending by banks, and a bad turn in the world economy has produced severe debt that is forcing these countries to exploit their natural resources in an attempt to ease their economic problems. However, many individuals and organizations have seen a silver lining to this cloud and are now buying debts (at a discounted rate) and giving them back to the debtor countries in return for environmental protection. Although increasingly difficult to achieve, these debt for nature swaps are beneficial to the debtor country and the world. So why do we go to all this trouble for a few countries that are not even big players in the world market? I discovered that we loose about 40 million acres of forest each year and 27 million of that is tropical rain forrest. (White house fact sheet on the President†s Proposal for a Global Forest Convention). Considering that the world†s forest act as respiration, filtration, and cooling system, we must make a concerted effort to conserve and start repairing the damage we have already done. A large part of the worlds forest rest in the debt ridden counrties of Latin America. In an attempt to repay these huge debts, countries are utilizing their natural resourses and straining them to the point where their situation could have global ecological ramifications. There is an undenyable link between the deforestation in Latin America and its enoumous debt. Debt for-nature swaps take advantage of an otherwise bad situation, turn it around, and use it to promote forest conservation in Latin America. The first debt-for-nature swap was with the government of Bolivia and the non government organization Conservation International. Since then, the international community and the United Nations have picked up the idea and now incorperate it in many of their initatives and policies directed toward forest conservation in Latin America. In a debt for nature swap an organization buys a debtor nations foreign debt at a discount ( since most of the worlds financial organizations are eager to unload them) and then forgive it in exchange for a commitment by the country to invest the face value of the debt in environmental conservation. The debt is converted for US dollars to local currency, which is used to fund the programs. This alleviates the debt, and proves a bargain to the organization that initiated the swap. They also receive higher visibility and these types of transactions get them involved in the local government allowing them to pursue future programs. Commercial banks also see a potential in debt for nature swaps. Instead of holding on to a debt that will more than likely never be paid, they donate it to a non government organization and write it off as a charitable donation. More recently, due to a change in international policy, they can not only sell the debt at a discount (recouping some of their loss) , but write it off at face value and gain prestige for their involvement in environmental protection. The role of the debtor nation is a bit more difficult. The debtor nation must agree to essentially buy back the debt by financing the eviromental conservation programs with the converted money and pay any other cost involved in the transaction. Not a bad deal for the debtor nation considering they would have had to pay the initial cost many times over just in interest payments. The USDA forest service says, † The debtor nation consents to the swap terms; bear the cost of: 1 the buy back of the debt from the charitable organization and 2 additional project financing commiserates with the differential between the discount price on the secondary market and the exchange rate for debt converted into local currency. In addition, the project may entail future recurrent expenditures for the host country†s public sector. † Almost all debt-for-nature swaps have some US involvement. Usually we act as the sugar daddy, financing non government organizations and setting up regulations that the debtor nation must meet. In 1990 the US established these regulations under Title VI of the 1990 fact act. The debtor country must be making progress toward the establishment of certain world bank reform programs and be making reforms in the foreign and domestic investment area. The debt swap between the non government organization and the debtor country is negotiated by the US. In exchange for forgiveness of the debt the debtor country must make interest payments into the project, which is governed by a local government body. The body which negotiates the swap is composed of relative US government organizations and some non government relative organizations. Their job is to provide guidance and help carry out the administrative maneuvers needed for such a swap. This type of debt for nature swap is very complicated and has lead conservation groups to look for ways around the jungle of red tape that surrounds these swaps. One type of swap that seems to bypass a lot of these difficulties is an interest swap. The same basic principle applies, but with a twist. The foreign debt is converted into long term bonds by the non government organization and swaps interest payments in return for environmental funding. The debtor nation gets to retire a debt using its own currency, which is diverted to the conservation program. Conservation organizations get some security from inflation and avoid the threat that the debtor nation will renege on its obligations. If the debtor nation stops funding environmental programs, then interest payments resume. Because of the protection and relative ease of this type of swap, it has grown increasingly popular among international conservation organizations. Sometimes a corporation may donate or discount assets it holds in Latin America because they are unable to profit from them. The corporation writes them off as a charitable donation and the non government organization diverts funds for environmental protection. This is a good deal for both since the cooperation gets to write the whole thing off and the conservation organization gets more bang for their buck. This also effectively cuts out the US, the board of overseers, and for the most part, the local government. Once inaccessible financial resources are being tapped, a debt is being retired, and government supported environmental initiatives are being started. All this seems terribly involved and difficult and that is because it is terribly involved and difficult. These swaps are small compared to the overall national deficit of these countries and that is because they have to be. If they were done on a large scale, in the current state of these countries economies, the influx of domestic currency would haave a bad inflationary effect on the economy, and that is the last thing these countries need. The receiptant countries they will loose economic sovergnity in these debt-for-nature swaps. The donor organization and the US negotiators tack on all kinds of stipulations and conditions to these swaps. Less than appealing conditions for countries that are already under the screws of the IMF and the World Bank. The IMF knows they are the last hope for these countries and do not hesitate to impose mountains of economic conditions with their loans. Granted, they are in the interest of neo-liberal economic reform but, any changes made in their fragile economy can have a rippling effect that can affect the political stability of an administration. In such a political climate it is easy to understand why many Latin American countries are reluctant to participate in these swaps when there is a potiential further loss of their economic sovergnty. The intention and idea behind debt-for-nature swaps are noble but, the question comes up, † Are we really helping Latin American countries by interfering in their affairs? â€Å". Is this just more bad breath diplomacy? These debt for nature swaps are likely to only temporarly aleviate some of Latin Americas economic troubles. With these debts retired, they have access to new funds and the cycle of borrowing will continue along with the deforestation. Besides saving the rain forest, what other plans do US and other international cooperations have in mind for Debt-for-nature swaps? It seems to me that this would be a perfect way to take controll of valuable natural resources and save them for later use. After all, most debt-for-nature swaps are essentially a lease that last until the face value of the debt has been spent on conservation and then the government takes back control of the land. Why not take advantage of Latin Americas bad situation and use it to hold on to valuable land until they are out of crisis and the land is safe? Wait for better economic and ecological conditions. Its cheaper than buying the land and paying taxes on it so just write off a bad loan Latin America is currently in a debt crisis. Poor management, over lending by banks, and a bad turn in the world economy has produced severe debt that is forcing these countries to exploit their natural resources in an attempt to ease their economic problems. However, many individuals and organizations have seen a silver lining to this cloud and are now buying debts (at a discounted rate) and giving them back to the debtor countries in return for environmental protection. Although increasingly difficult to achieve, these debt for nature swaps are beneficial to the debtor country and the world. So why do we go to all this trouble for a few countries that are not even big players in the world market? I discovered that we loose about 40 million acres of forest each year and 27 million of that is tropical rain forrest. (White house fact sheet on the President†s Proposal for a Global Forest Convention). Considering that the world†s forest act as respiration, filtration, and cooling system, we must make a concerted effort to conserve and start repairing the damage we have already done. A large part of the worlds forest rest in the debt ridden counrties of Latin America. In an attempt to repay these huge debts, countries are utilizing their natural resourses and straining them to the point where their situation could have global ecological ramifications. There is an undenyable link between the deforestation in Latin America and its enoumous debt. Debt for-nature swaps take advantage of an otherwise bad situation, turn it around, and use it to promote forest conservation in Latin America. The first debt-for-nature swap was with the government of Bolivia and the non government organization Conservation International. Since then, the international community and the United Nations have picked up the idea and now incorperate it in many of their initatives and policies directed toward forest conservation in Latin America. In a debt for nature swap an organization buys a debtor nations foreign debt at a discount ( since most of the worlds financial organizations are eager to unload them) and then forgive it in exchange for a commitment by the country to invest the face value of the debt in environmental conservation. The debt is converted for US dollars to local currency, which is used to fund the programs. This alleviates the debt, and proves a bargain to the organization that initiated the swap. They also receive higher visibility and these types of transactions get them involved in the local government allowing them to pursue future programs. Commercial banks also see a potential in debt for nature swaps. Instead of holding on to a debt that will more than likely never be paid, they donate it to a non government organization and write it off as a charitable donation. More recently, due to a change in international policy, they can not only sell the debt at a discount (recouping some of their loss) , but write it off at face value and gain prestige for their involvement in environmental protection. The role of the debtor nation is a bit more difficult. The debtor nation must agree to essentially buy back the debt by financing the eviromental conservation programs with the converted money and pay any other cost involved in the transaction. Not a bad deal for the debtor nation considering they would have had to pay the initial cost many times over just in interest payments. The USDA forest service says, † The debtor nation consents to the swap terms; bear the cost of: 1 the buy back of the debt from the charitable organization and 2 additional project financing commiserates with the differential between the discount price on the secondary market and the exchange rate for debt converted into local currency. In addition, the project may entail future recurrent expenditures for the host country†s public sector. † Almost all debt-for-nature swaps have some US involvement. Usually we act as the sugar daddy, financing non government organizations and setting up regulations that the debtor nation must meet. In 1990 the US established these regulations under Title VI of the 1990 fact act. The debtor country must be making progress toward the establishment of certain world bank reform programs and be making reforms in the foreign and domestic investment area. The debt swap between the non government organization and the debtor country is negotiated by the US. In exchange for forgiveness of the debt the debtor country must make interest payments into the project, which is governed by a local government body. The body which negotiates the swap is composed of relative US government organizations and some non government relative organizations. Their job is to provide guidance and help carry out the administrative maneuvers needed for such a swap. This type of debt for nature swap is very complicated and has lead conservation groups to look for ways around the jungle of red tape that surrounds these swaps. One type of swap that seems to bypass a lot of these difficulties is an interest swap. The same basic principle applies, but with a twist. The foreign debt is converted into long term bonds by the non government organization and swaps interest payments in return for environmental funding. The debtor nation gets to retire a debt using its own currency, which is diverted to the conservation program. Conservation organizations get some security from inflation and avoid the threat that the debtor nation will renege on its obligations. If the debtor nation stops funding environmental programs, then interest payments resume. Because of the protection and relative ease of this type of swap, it has grown increasingly popular among international conservation organizations. Sometimes a corporation may donate or discount assets it holds in Latin America because they are unable to profit from them. The corporation writes them off as a charitable donation and the non government organization diverts funds for environmental protection. This is a good deal for both since the cooperation gets to write the whole thing off and the conservation organization gets more bang for their buck. This also effectively cuts out the US, the board of overseers, and for the most part, the local government. Once inaccessible financial resources are being tapped, a debt is being retired, and government supported environmental initiatives are being started. All this seems terribly involved and difficult and that is because it is terribly involved and difficult. These swaps are small compared to the overall national deficit of these countries and that is because they have to be. If they were done on a large scale, in the current state of these countries economies, the influx of domestic currency would haave a bad inflationary effect on the economy, and that is the last thing these countries need. The receiptant countries they will loose economic sovergnity in these debt-for-nature swaps. The donor organization and the US negotiators tack on all kinds of stipulations and conditions to these swaps. Less than appealing conditions for countries that are already under the screws of the IMF and the World Bank. The IMF knows they are the last hope for these countries and do not hesitate to impose mountains of economic conditions with their loans. Granted, they are in the interest of neo-liberal economic reform but, any changes made in their fragile economy can have a rippling effect that can affect the political stability of an administration. In such a political climate it is easy to understand why many Latin American countries are reluctant to participate in these swaps when there is a potiential further loss of their economic sovergnty. The intention and idea behind debt-for-nature swaps are noble but, the question comes up, † Are we really helping Latin American countries by interfering in their affairs? â€Å". Is this just more bad breath diplomacy? These debt for nature swaps are likely to only temporarly aleviate some of Latin Americas economic troubles. With these debts retired, they have access to new funds and the cycle of borrowing will continue along with the deforestation. Besides saving the rain forest, what other plans do US and other international cooperations have in mind for Debt-for-nature swaps? It seems to me that this would be a perfect way to take controll of valuable natural resources and save them for later use. After all, most debt-for-nature swaps are essentially a lease that last until the face value of the debt has been spent on conservation and then the government takes back control of the land. Why not take advantage of Latin Americas bad situation and use it to hold on to valuable land until they are out of crisis and the land is safe? Wait for better economic and ecological conditions. Its cheaper than buying the land and paying taxes on it so just write off a bad loan Latin America is currently in a debt crisis. Poor management, over lending by banks, and a bad turn in the world economy has produced severe debt that is forcing these countries to exploit their natural resources in an attempt to ease their economic problems. However, many individuals and organizations have seen a silver lining to this cloud and are now buying debts (at a discounted rate) and giving them back to the debtor countries in return for environmental protection. Although increasingly difficult to achieve, these debt for nature swaps are beneficial to the debtor country and the world. So why do we go to all this trouble for a few countries that are not even big players in the world market? I discovered that we loose about 40 million acres of forest each year and 27 million of that is tropical rain forrest. (White house fact sheet on the President†s Proposal for a Global Forest Convention). Considering that the world†s forest act as respiration, filtration, and cooling system, we must make a concerted effort to conserve and start repairing the damage we have already done. A large part of the worlds forest rest in the debt ridden counrties of Latin America. In an attempt to repay these huge debts, countries are utilizing their natural resourses and straining them to the point where their situation could have global ecological ramifications. There is an undenyable link between the deforestation in Latin America and its enoumous debt. Debt for-nature swaps take advantage of an otherwise bad situation, turn it around, and use it to promote forest conservation in Latin America. The first debt-for-nature swap was with the government of Bolivia and the non government organization Conservation International. Since then, the international community and the United Nations have picked up the idea and now incorperate it in many of their initatives and policies directed toward forest conservation in Latin America. In a debt for nature swap an organization buys a debtor nations foreign debt at a discount ( since most of the worlds financial organizations are eager to unload them) and then forgive it in exchange for a commitment by the country to invest the face value of the debt in environmental conservation. The debt is converted for US dollars to local currency, which is used to fund the programs. This alleviates the debt, and proves a bargain to the organization that initiated the swap. They also receive higher visibility and these types of transactions get them involved in the local government allowing them to pursue future programs. Commercial banks also see a potential in debt for nature swaps. Instead of holding on to a debt that will more than likely never be paid, they donate it to a non government organization and write it off as a charitable donation. More recently, due to a change in international policy, they can not only sell the debt at a discount (recouping some of their loss) , but write it off at face value and gain prestige for their involvement in environmental protection. The role of the debtor nation is a bit more difficult. The debtor nation must agree to essentially buy back the debt by financing the eviromental conservation programs with the converted money and pay any other cost involved in the transaction. Not a bad deal for the debtor nation considering they would have had to pay the initial cost many times over just in interest payments. The USDA forest service says, † The debtor nation consents to the swap terms; bear the cost of: 1 the buy back of the debt from the charitable organization and 2 additional project financing commiserates with the differential between the discount price on the secondary market and the exchange rate for debt converted into local currency. In addition, the project may entail future recurrent expenditures for the host country†s public sector. † Almost all debt-for-nature swaps have some US involvement. Usually we act as the sugar daddy, financing non government organizations and setting up regulations that the debtor nation must meet. In 1990 the US established these regulations under Title VI of the 1990 fact act. The debtor country must be making progress toward the establishment of certain world bank reform programs and be making reforms in the foreign and domestic investment area. The debt swap between the non government organization and the debtor country is negotiated by the US. In exchange for forgiveness of the debt the debtor country must make interest payments into the project, which is governed by a local government body. The body which negotiates the swap is composed of relative US government organizations and some non government relative organizations. Their job is to provide guidance and help carry out the administrative maneuvers needed for such a swap. This type of debt for nature swap is very complicated and has lead conservation groups to look for ways around the jungle of red tape that surrounds these swaps. One type of swap that seems to bypass a lot of these difficulties is an interest swap. The same basic principle applies, but with a twist. The foreign debt is converted into long term bonds by the non government organization and swaps interest payments in return for environmental funding. The debtor nation gets to retire a debt using its own currency, which is diverted to the conservation program. Conservation organizations get some security from inflation and avoid the threat that the debtor nation will renege on its obligations. If the debtor nation stops funding environmental programs, then interest payments resume. Because of the protection and relative ease of this type of swap, it has grown increasingly popular among international conservation organizations. Sometimes a corporation may donate or discount assets it holds in Latin America because they are unable to profit from them. The corporation writes them off as a charitable donation and the non government organization diverts funds for environmental protection. This is a good deal for both since the cooperation gets to write the whole thing off and the conservation organization gets more bang for their buck. This also effectively cuts out the US, the board of overseers, and for the most part, the local government. Once inaccessible financial resources are being tapped, a debt is being retired, and government supported environmental initiatives are being started. All this seems terribly involved and difficult and that is because it is terribly involved and difficult. These swaps are small compared to the overall national deficit of these countries and that is because they have to be. If they were done on a large scale, in the current state of these countries economies, the influx of domestic currency would haave a bad inflationary effect on the economy, and that is the last thing these countries need. The receiptant countries they will loose economic sovergnity in these debt-for-nature swaps. The donor organization and the US negotiators tack on all kinds of stipulations and conditions to these swaps. Less than appealing conditions for countries that are already under the screws of the IMF and the World Bank. The IMF knows they are the last hope for these countries and do not hesitate to impose mountains of economic conditions with their loans. Granted, they are in the interest of neo-liberal economic reform but, any changes made in their fragile economy can have a rippling effect that can affect the political stability of an administration. In such a political climate it is easy to understand why many Latin American countries are reluctant to participate in these swaps when there is a potiential further loss of their economic sovergnty. The intention and idea behind debt-for-nature swaps are noble but, the question comes up, † Are we really helping Latin American countries by interfering in their affairs? â€Å". Is this just more bad breath diplomacy? These debt for nature swaps are likely to only temporarly aleviate some of Latin Americas economic troubles. With these debts retired, they have access to new funds and the cycle of borrowing will continue along with the deforestation.